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astronomical magnitude

  • 1 astronomical magnitude

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > astronomical magnitude

  • 2 astronomical magnitude

    Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > astronomical magnitude

  • 3 magnitude

    величина; значение

    Englsh-Russian aviation and space dictionary > magnitude

  • 4 Burgi, Jost

    SUBJECT AREA: Horology
    [br]
    b. 28 February 1552 Lichtensteig, Switzerland
    d. 31 January 1632 Kassel, Germany
    [br]
    Swiss clockmaker and mathematician who invented the remontoire and the cross-beat escapement, also responsible for the use of exponential notation and the calculation of tables of anti-logarithms.
    [br]
    Burgi entered the service of Duke William IV of Hesse in 1579 as Court Clockmaker, although he also assisted William with his astronomical observations. In 1584 he invented the cross-beat escapement which increased the accuracy of spring-driven clocks by two orders of magnitude. During the last years of the century he also worked on the development of geometrical and astronomical instruments for the Royal Observatory at Kassel.
    On the death of Duke Wilhelm in 1603, and with news of his skills having reached the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II, in 1604 he went to Prague to become Imperial Watchmaker and to assist in the creation of a centre of scientific activity, subsequently becoming Assistant to the German astronomer, Johannes Kepler. No doubt this association led to an interest in mathematics and he made significant contributions to the concept of decimal fractions and the use of exponential notation, i.e. the use of a raised number to indicate powers of another number. It is likely that he was developing the idea of logarithms at the same time (or possibly even before) Napier, for in 1620 he made his greatest contribution to mathematics, science and, eventually, engineering, namely the publication of tables of anti-logarithms.
    At Prague he continued the series of accurate clocks and instruments for astronomical measurements that he had begun to produce at Kassel. At that period clocks were very poor timekeepers since the controller, the foliot or balance, had no natural period of oscillation and was consequently dependent on the driving force. Although the force of the driving weight was constant, irregularities occurred during the transmission of the power through the train as a result of the poor shape and quality of the gearing. Burgi attempted to overcome this directly by superb craftsmanship and indirectly by using a remontoire. This device was wound at regular intervals by the main driving force and fed the power directly to the escape wheel, which impulsed the foliot. He also introduced the crossbeat escapement (a variation on the verge), which consisted of two coupled foliots that swung in opposition to each other. According to contemporary evidence his clocks produced a remarkable improvement in timekeeping, being accurate to within a minute a day. This improvement was probably a result of the use of a remontoire and the high quality of the workmanship rather than a result of the cross-beat escapement, which did not have a natural period of oscillation.
    Burgi or Prague clocks, as they were known, were produced by very few other makers and were supplanted shortly afterwards by the intro-duction of the pendulum clock. Burgi also produced superb clockwork-driven celestial globes.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Ennobled 1611.
    Bibliography
    Burgi only published one book, and that was concerned with mathematics.
    Further Reading
    L.von Mackensen, 1979, Die erste Sternwarte Europas mit ihren Instrumenten and Uhren—400 Jahre Jost Burgi in Kassel, Munich.
    K.Maurice and O.Mayr (eds), 1980, The Clockwork Universe, Washington, DC, pp. 87– 102.
    H.A.Lloyd, 1958, Some Outstanding Clocks Over 700 Years, 1250–1950, London. E.T.Bell, 1937, Men of Mathematics, London: Victor Gollancz.
    See also: Briggs, Henry
    KF / DV

    Biographical history of technology > Burgi, Jost

  • 5 system

    система, совокупность; схема (оптическая); механизм, установка
    - Henry Draper system
    @system of astronomical constants
    система астрономических постоянных
    @system of catalogue
    система каталога
    @system of comets
    система комет
    @system of fundamental proper motion
    фундаментальная система собственных движений звезд
    @system of galaxies
    система галактик
    @system of instrument
    система инструмента
    @system of planets
    планетная система
    @system of reference
    система коордиат
    @achromatic system
    ахроматическая система
    @antenna system
    антенное устройство
    @astronomical coordinate system
    система астрономических координат
    @binary system
    двойная система (звезд); двойная звезда
    @Cartesian system
    декартова система координат
    @catadioptric system
    зеркально-линзовая оптическая система
    @close binary system
    тесная двойная система (звезд)
    @continuous waves system
    радиолокатор с непрерывным излучением
    @control system
    система управления (телескопом)
    @coordinate system
    система координат
    @Copernican system
    гелиоцентрическая система мира Коперника
    @Coude system
    система Куде
    @declination-drive system
    механизм привода (телескопа) по склонению
    @double system
    двойная система (галактик)
    @drive system
    механизм привода (телескопа)
    @ecliptic system
    эклиптическая система (координат)
    @elliptical system
    эллиптическая звездная система; эллиптическая галактика
    @equatorial system
    1.экваториальная система координат 2.экваториальная [параллактическая] монтировка
    @extragalactic system
    галактика
    @fundamental system
    фундаментальная система
    @fundamental coordinate system
    фундаментальная система координат
    @galactic system
    галактическая система координат
    @geocentric system
    геоцентрическая система (мира)
    @Gregory system
    система (телескопа) Грегори
    @HD system
    см. Henry Draper system
    @heliocentric system
    гелиоцентрическая система (мира)
    @hour-angle drive system
    механизм привода (телескопа) по часовому углу
    @Lick system @lobe system
    многолепестковая диаграмма направленности
    @local system
    местная система (звезд)
    @local system of hydrogen
    местная система (межзвездного) водорода
    @local reference system
    локальная система отсчета
    @local star system
    местная система звезд
    @longitude system
    долготная система (на Юпитере)
    @magnitude system
    система звездных величин
    @Maksutov system
    система (телескопа) Максутова
    @Mersenne system
    система (телескопа) Мерсенна
    @metering system
    измерительный прибор
    @Milky Way system
    Млечный Путь, Галактика
    @Mills system
    система [крест] Миллса
    @mirror-support system
    система разгрузки зеркала
    @MK spectral classification system
    система спектральной классификации звезд
    @MKK system
    классификация звездных спектров по светимости
    @multicolor system
    многоцветная система
    @multiple system
    кратная система (звезд)
    @Nasmyth system
    система (телескопа) Несмита
    @new galactic coordinate system
    новая система галактических координат
    @Newton(ian) system
    система (телескопа) Ньютона
    @optical system
    оптическая система
    @pencil-beam{ (aerial) system
    антенная система с карандашной диаграммой направленности
    @photometric system
    фотометрическая система
    @planetary system
    планетная система, Солнечная система
    @prime focus system
    система первичного фокуса
    @proper motion system
    система собственных движений звезд
    @Ptolemaic system
    птолемеева система мира
    @ray system
    лучевая система
    @receiver system
    приемное устройство
    @recording system
    регистрирующее устройство
    @reference system
    система координат
    @reversal system
    система для перекладки (телескопа)
    @ring system
    система колец (планет)
    @satellite system
    система спутников (планет)
    @Schmidt system
    система (телескопа) Шмидта
    @semidetached system
    полуразделенная (двойная) система
    @sensory system
    чувствительная система
    @servo system
    следящая система
    @six-color system
    шестицветная (фотометрическая) система
    @solar system
    солнечная система
    @spectral classification system
    система спектральной классификации
    @spheroidal stellar system
    сфероидальная звездная система
    @spiral system
    спиральная (звездная) система
    @standard system
    фундаментальная система (каталога)
    @stellar system
    звездная система
    @Sun's system
    см. solar system
    @support system
    система разгрузки (зеркала)
    @telemetry system
    телеметрическая система
    @telescopic system
    телескопическая система
    @telescope driving system
    часовой механизм телескопа
    @telescope optical system
    оптическая система телескопа
    @tracking system
    следящая система
    @U B V system
    (фотометрическая) система U,B,V; U,B,V система звездных величин
    @ubvy system
    четырехцветная система звездных величин Стремгрена
    @worm-weel system
    червячная передача
    @Yerkes spectral classification system
    Йоркская система спектральной классификации (звезд)
    @System Ⅰ,Ⅱ system
    системы вращения Юпитера
    @System Ⅰ & System Ⅱ longitude system
    Ⅰ-я и Ⅱ-я системы долгот на Юпитере
    @

    English-Russian astronomy dictionary > system

  • 6 scale

    1.шкала 2.масштаб 3.размер
    @scale of the Galaxy
    масштаб Галактики
    @scale of micrometer
    инстр. масштаб микрометра
    @scale of Universe
    масштабы Вселенной
    @Antoniadi scale
    шкала Антониади для определения качества астрономического изображения
    @astronomical time scale
    астрономическая шкала времени
    @cosmic time scale
    космическая шкала времени
    @distance scale
    шкала расстояний
    @height scale
    шкала высот
    @image scale
    масштаб изображения
    @intensity scale
    шкала интенсивностей
    @magnitude scale
    шкала звездных величин
    @photometric scale
    фотометрическая шкала
    @plate scale
    масштаб фотопластинки
    @relative scale of distances
    относительная шкала расстояний
    @Rowland scale @stellar temperature scale
    шкала звездных температур
    @time scale
    шкала времени
    @Torino scale
    Туринская шкала астероидной опасности
    @visual scale
    визуальная шкала
    @visual seeing scale
    визуальная [субъективная] шкала качества астрономических изображений
    @

    English-Russian astronomy dictionary > scale

См. также в других словарях:

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  • astronomical — (Roget s IV) modif. 1. [Pertaining to astronomy] Syn. uranographical, uranological, cosmological, astrophotometric, astrophotographic, astrophysical, astrochemical, heavenly, celestial, cosmic, planetary, planetoidal, astral, solar, lunar,… …   English dictionary for students

  • Apparent magnitude — Asteroid 65 Cybele and 2 stars with their magnitudes labeled The apparent magnitude (m) of a celestial body is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value it would have in the absence of the atmosphere.… …   Wikipedia

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